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Agriculture

An essential component of the economic binomial that it made together with the animal breeding, the plant cultivation was orientated in Transylvania till the beginning of the 20th century especially to the ensuring of the family subsistence, reason for what it preserved till late the archaic traditional tools and techniques.

The first exhibition unit contains series of tools used for land work, dated at the end of the 19th century: archaic types of spade (1), dated 19th century (completely made of wood or with the middle of wood and iron blade attached, hoe (2), essential in the work of removing the roots from the grubbed plots of land, wooden plough (3) with fixed mould, with horizontal ploughshare accompanied by the plough raker (4) necessary to the periodical remove of the earth from the active sides of the plough, harrow, completely wooden made, used to break up the furrows (5), hoes for gardening and hoeing, with the point tools (6), tool used for planting nursery transplants (7), yoke for oven (8), completely made of wood (the end of the 19th century).

The second exhibition unit contains inter-wars tools used to keep and harvest the traditional cereals: weeder for cutting the weeds from the cornfield (9), sickle used for harvesting the traditional cereals (10), scythe with the same role (11), recipients for keeping the whetstone for sharpening, in water, the scythe (12), wooden pitchfork (13) and hook for gathering the sheaves (14), rake for gathering the ears (15), keg for keeping the water at the field work (16).

The exhibition unit III contains tools from the 19th century and inter-war time used for threshing and recipients for measuring the cereals: the flail for beating the ears of the untied sheaves, set down in a row on a ground area that was spread with clay mixed with water before (17), the rake of ground area for removing the straw after completely taking out the grains from the ears (18), the broom for separating at large the chaff from the grains (19), vântureasca for cleaning the grains from the rest of the chaff by throwing them in air circulation (20), cereal measure recipients, with one-piece walls, obtained by warm moulding or by hollowing up (21 - the end of the 19th century).

The exhibition unit IV illustrates the storing and processing of the cereals and the oil-bearing seeds by the following objects: knitted basket for keeping the seeds (22 - starting with the 20th century), large spoons (23 and 25) for rowing the cereals from baskets and chests (end of the 19th century), shovel for winnowing the seeds (24, inter-war), basket for removing the grains from the maize cobs by hitting (26, starting with the 20th century), recipient (bushel) for measuring the maize grains (27, the end of the 19th century), hand mill for grinding (29, starting with the 19th century), foot felting mill with the same function (30, the end of the 19th century), leather sieve for separating the husk from the oily kernel (31), recipient for oil got from this kernel by frying and pressing (32).

The exhibition unit V contains objects that illustrate the practice of the traditional fruit growing and wine growing, branches of a great economic importance into an area with good natural conditions, such as Transylvania.

On the left side of the exhibition unit V there are exhibited pieces of the traditional fruit growing inventory: tool for removing the small dry branches (33, starting with the 20th century), hand saw for removing the thicker dry branches (34, starting with the 20th century), knife for grafting (35, inter-war), hotoaica for picking the fruit (36, inter-war), felting mill for crushing the apples in order to get the cider and the vinegar (37, the end of the 19th century), copper pail (38, the end of the 19th century) for preparing the plum jam, lese (knitted item) for drying the fruit (39, inter-war), cask for keeping the horinca (traditional strong drink, also called palinca, rachie - alcohol double refined got from plum) (40, starting with the 20th century).

On the right side of the exhibition unit there is exhibited traditional wine-growing inventory: pruning knives / hooks for cleaning the vineyard (41, the end of the 19th century), tool for beating the stakes (42, starting with the 20th century), recipient for picking and transporting the grapes (43, inter-war), tub for crushing the grapes by foot (44, the end of the 19th century), wine press for pressing the crushed grapes (45, starting with the 20th century), funnel (46, starting with the 20th century) for pouring the grapes juice in the cask, cask for wine (47, starting with the 20th century), lampau for taking out the wine from the cask (48, starting with the 20th century).

The exhibition unit VI contains a knitted basket (49, the end of the 19th century), used for storing cereals (maize cobs, oat). In some areas, these baskets reached 4 meters, being knitted even under the roof of a house, where they were permanent fixed by the framework elements.